Ka m kọwaa SAP nke masịrị gị karịa n'oge na-adịbeghị anya! Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP) bụ ụdị ihe polymer ọhụrụ na-arụ ọrụ. Ọ nwere ọrụ nnabata mmiri dị elu nke na-amịkọrọ mmiri ọtụtụ narị ruo ọtụtụ puku ugboro karịa ya, ma nwee arụmọrụ nchekwa mmiri dị mma. Ozugbo ọ na-amịkọrọ mmiri ma na-agbaze n'ime hydrogel, ọ na-esiri ike ikewapụ mmiri ọbụlagodi na ọ nwere nrụgide. Ya mere, o nwere ọtụtụ ojiji n'ọtụtụ ngalaba dị iche iche dịka ngwaahịa nhicha onwe onye, mmepụta ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na ugbo, na injinia obodo.
Resin nke na-amịkọrọ mmiri nke ọma bụ ụdị macromolecules nwere otu hydrophilic na nhazi njikọ cross-linked. Fanta na ndị ọzọ mepụtara ya mbụ site na iji polyacrylonitrile tinye starch wee saponifying. Dịka ihe ndị e ji emepụta ya si dị, e nwere usoro starch (grafted, carboxymethylated, wdg), usoro cellulose (carboxymethylated, grafted, wdg), usoro polymer sịntetik (polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, usoro polyoxy Ethylene, wdg) n'ọtụtụ ụdị. Ma e jiri ya tụnyere starch na cellulose, resin polyacrylic acid superabsorbent nwere ọtụtụ uru dịka obere ọnụ ahịa mmepụta, usoro dị mfe, arụmọrụ mmepụta dị elu, ikike ịmịkọrọ mmiri siri ike, na ndụ nchekwa ngwaahịa ogologo oge. Ọ ghọwo ebe a na-eme nnyocha ugbu a n'ọhịa a.
Kedu ihe bụ ụkpụrụ nke ngwaahịa a? Ugbu a, polyacrylic acid bụ ihe dị ka pasentị 80 nke mmepụta resin nke na-amịkọrọ mmiri nke ukwuu n'ụwa. Resin nke na-amịkọrọ mmiri nke ukwuu bụkarị electrolyte polymer nke nwere otu hydrophilic na nhazi njikọ. Tupu mmiri amịkọrọ mmiri, agbụ polymer dị nso ma jikọta ọnụ, jikọta ọnụ iji mepụta nhazi netwọk, ka e wee nweta njikọ zuru oke. Mgbe ha na mmiri metụrụ aka, molekul mmiri na-abanye n'ime resin site na ọrụ capillary na mgbasa, a na-emekwa ka otu ionized dị na agbụ ahụ dị na mmiri. N'ihi nrụgide electrostatic dị n'etiti otu ion dị na agbụ ahụ, agbụ polymer na-agbatị ma na-aza. N'ihi mkpa nke nnọpụiche eletriki, ion counter enweghị ike ịkwaga na mpụga resin ahụ, ọdịiche dị na ntinye ion n'etiti ngwọta dị n'ime na n'èzí resin ahụ na-emepụta nrụgide osmotic azụ. N'okpuru ọrụ nke nrụgide osmosis azụ, mmiri na-abanyekwa na resin ahụ iji mepụta hydrogel. N'otu oge ahụ, nhazi netwọk nke jikọtara ọnụ na njikọ hydrogen nke resin n'onwe ya na-egbochi mgbasawanye na-enweghị njedebe nke gel. Mgbe mmiri ahụ nwere obere nnu, nrụgide osmotic nke na-agbanwe agbanwe ga-ebelata, n'otu oge ahụ, n'ihi mmetụta nchebe nke ion counter, yinye polymer ga-ebelata, na-ebute nnukwu mbelata na ikike nnabata mmiri nke resin. N'ozuzu, ikike nnabata mmiri nke resin super absorbent na ngwọta NaCl 0.9% bụ naanị ihe dị ka 1/10 nke mmiri deionized. Ntinye mmiri na idobe mmiri bụ akụkụ abụọ nke otu nsogbu ahụ. Lin Runxiong et al. tụlere ha na thermodynamics. N'okpuru okpomọkụ na nrụgide ụfọdụ, resin super absorbent nwere ike ịmịkọrọ mmiri n'onwe ya, mmiri ahụ abanyekwa na resin, na-ebelata enthalpy free nke sistemụ dum ruo mgbe ọ ruru nguzozi. Ọ bụrụ na mmiri apụta na resin, na-eme ka enthalpy free dịkwuo elu, ọ naghị enyere aka na nkwụsi ike nke sistemụ ahụ. Nnyocha okpomọkụ dị iche iche gosiri na pasentị iri ise nke mmiri resin super absorbent na-amịkọrọ ka nọ n'ime netwọk gel karịa 150°C. Ya mere, ọ bụrụgodị na a na-etinye nrụgide n'ọnọdụ okpomọkụ nkịtị, mmiri agaghị apụ na resin super absorbent, nke a na-ekpebi site na njirimara thermodynamic nke resin super absorbent.
Oge ọzọ, gwa ya kpọmkwem ihe mere SAP ji arụ ọrụ.
Oge ozi: Disemba-08-2021