Ọgwụgwọ mmiri mkpofu nke Chitosan

N'ime usoro ọgwụgwọ mmiri a na-ahụkarị, flocculants ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ salts aluminum na iron salts, nnu aluminom nke fọdụrụ na mmiri a na-edozi ahụ ga-etinye ahụike mmadụ n'ihe ize ndụ, na nnu ígwè fọdụrụnụ ga-emetụta agba mmiri, wdg;n'ọtụtụ n'ime ọgwụgwọ mmiri na-adịghị, ọ na-esiri ike imeri nsogbu mmetọ nke abụọ dị ka nnukwu sludge na mkpofu siri ike nke sludge.Ya mere, ịchọ ngwaahịa sitere n'okike nke na-adịghị eme ka mmetọ nke abụọ na gburugburu ebe obibi dochie nnu aluminum na nnu nnu iron bụ mkpa maka imejuputa atumatu mmepe na-adigide taa.Eke polymer flocculants adọtala anya nke ukwuu n'etiti ọtụtụ flocculants n'ihi nnukwu ihe akụrụngwa ha, ọnụ ala dị ala, nhọrọ dị mma, obere usoro onunu ogwu, nchekwa na enweghị nsi, yana biodegradation zuru oke.Mgbe ọtụtụ iri afọ nke mmepe gachara, ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke eke polymer flocculants nwere dị iche iche Njirimara na ojiji apụtawo, n'ime nke starch, lignin, chitosan na akwukwo nri gluu na-eji ugbu a ọtụtụ ebe.

ChitosanNjirimara

Chitosan bụ ihe na-acha ọcha amorphous, translucent flaky siri ike, nke a na-esighi ike na mmiri mana ọ na-agbaze na acid, nke bụ ngwaahịa deacetylation nke chitin.N'ikwu okwu n'ozuzu, chitosan nwere ike ịkpọ chitosan mgbe e wepụrụ otu N-acetyl na chitin karịa 55%.Chitin bụ isi ihe na-emepụta exoskeletons nke anụmanụ na ụmụ ahụhụ, ma bụrụ nke abụọ kasị ukwuu organic ogige n'ụwa mgbe cellulose.Dị ka flocculant, chitosan bụ ihe okike, anaghị egbu egbu ma na-emebi emebi.E nwere ọtụtụ hydroxyl otu, amino otu na ụfọdụ N-acetylamino otu kesara na macromolecular yinye nke chitosan, nke nwere ike na-etolite cationic polyelectrolytes na nnukwu ụgwọ njupụta na acidic ngwọta, na nwekwara ike na-etolite netwọk-dị ka ihe owuwu site na hydrogen bond ma ọ bụ ionic. agbụ.Mkpụrụ ndụ ọnụ, si otú ahụ na-agbakọta ma na-ewepụ ọtụtụ ion metal dị arọ na-egbu egbu ma na-emerụ ahụ.Chitosan na ihe ndị na-emepụta ya nwere ọtụtụ ihe eji eme ihe, ọ bụghị naanị na textile, mbipụta na ịcha akwa, ịde akwụkwọ, ọgwụ, nri, ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ, bayoloji na ọrụ ugbo na ọtụtụ ubi ndị ọzọ nwere ọtụtụ uru ngwa, kamakwa na ọgwụgwọ mmiri, enwere ike iji ya mee ihe. dị ka adsorbent, flocculation agents, fungicides, ion exchangers, membrane preparations, etc. Chitosan ka US Environmental Protection Agency kwadoro ka ọ bụrụ onye na-eme ka ọ dị ọcha maka mmiri ọṅụṅụ n'ihi uru pụrụ iche na ngwa inye mmiri na ọgwụgwọ mmiri.

Ngwa nkeChitosanna ọgwụgwọ mmiri

(1) Wepu ihe siri ike kwụsịtụrụ n'ime ahụ mmiri.Na mmiri eke, ọ na-aghọ usoro colloid na-ezighị ezi n'ihi ịdị adị nke nje bacteria ụrọ, wdg Dị ka polymer cationic ogologo ogologo, chitosan nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ abụọ nke nkwụsịtụ eletriki na coagulation na adsorption na bridging, ma nwee coagulation siri ike. mmetụta kwụsịtụrụ bekee.E jiri ya tụnyere alum omenala na polyacrylamide dị ka flocculants, chitosan nwere mmetụta na-akọwapụta nke ọma.RAVID et al.mụọ mmetụta nke flocculation ọgwụgwọ nke otu kaolin mmiri nkesa mgbe chitosan pH uru bụ 5-9, wee chọpụta na flocculation na-emetụta nke ukwuu site pH uru, na irè pH uru nke turbidity mwepụ bụ 7.0-7.5.1mg / L flocculant, ọnụego mwepụ nke turbidity karịrị 90%, na flocs ndị a na-emepụta bụ ndị siri ike na ngwa ngwa, na ngụkọta oge sedimentation flocculation anaghị agafe 1h;ma mgbe uru pH na-ebelata ma ọ bụ na-abawanye, arụmọrụ flocculation na-ebelata, na-egosi na ọ bụ naanị N'ime oke pH dị warara, chitosan nwere ike ịmepụta ezigbo polymerization na kaolin particles.Ụfọdụ nnyocha achọpụtala na mgbe a na-eji chitosan na-agwọ nkwusioru bentonite flocculated, pH uru kwesịrị ekwesị dị obosara.Ya mere, mgbe mmiri turbid nwere ihe ndị yiri kaolin, ọ dị mkpa ịgbakwunye bentonite kwesịrị ekwesị dị ka coagulant iji melite polymerization.chitosanna ahụ.Mgbe e mesịrị, RAVID et al.chọpụtara na

Ọ bụrụ na enwere humus na kaolin ma ọ bụ titanium dioxide nkwusioru, ọ dị mfe ịkwanye ya na chitosan, n'ihi na a na-ejikọta humus na-ezighị ezi n'elu ihe ndị ahụ, na humus na-eme ka ọ dị mfe iji dozie uru pH.Chitosan ka na-egosipụta njirimara flocculation dị elu maka ozu mmiri nke nwere turbidity na alkalinity dị iche iche.

(2) Wepụ algae na nje bacteria na ahụ mmiri.N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ụfọdụ ndị mba ọzọ amalitela ịmụ gbasara mgbasa ozi na flocculation nke chitosan na sistemu colloid dị ndụ dị ka algae na nje bacteria.Chitosan nwere mmetụta mwepụ na algae mmiri ọhụrụ, ya bụ Spirulina, Oscillator algae, Chlorella na algae-acha anụnụ anụnụ.Nnyocha e mere egosiwo na maka algae mmiri dị ọcha, iwepụ kacha mma na pH nke 7;Maka algae mmiri, pH dị ala.Usoro kwesịrị ekwesị nke chitosan na-adabere na ntinye nke algae n'ime ahụ mmiri.Ka ọnụọgụ nke algae dị elu, ka ọ dị mkpa ka etinyekwuo ọgwụ chitosan, yana mmụba nke ọgwụ chitosan na-ebute oke mmiri na mmiri ozuzo.Ọsọ ọsọ.Turbidity nwere ike ịlele mwepụ nke algae.Mgbe uru pH bụ 7.5 mg / Lchitosannwere ike wepu 90% nke turbidity na mmiri, na elu nke algae ịta ahụhụ, na coarser na floc irighiri na mma sedimentation arụmọrụ.

Nnyocha nke microscopic gosiri na algae ndị e wepụrụ site na flocculation na sedimentation bụ nanị ejikọta ma jikọta ọnụ, ma ka nọ n'ọnọdụ na-adịghị mma ma na-arụ ọrụ.Ebe ọ bụ na chitosan adịghị akpata mmetụta ọjọọ ọ bụla na ụdị dị na mmiri, mmiri a na-edozi ka nwere ike iji mee ihe maka mmiri mmiri dị ọcha, n'adịghị ka flocculants ndị ọzọ na-emepụta ihe maka ọgwụgwọ mmiri.Usoro mwepụ nke chitosan na nje bacteria dị mgbagwoju anya.Site n'ịmụ flocculation nke Escherichia coli na chitosan, a na-achọpụta na usoro nchịkọta na-enweghị isi bụ isi usoro nke usoro flocculation, na chitosan na-emepụta njikọ hydrogen na irighiri cell.Nnyocha ọzọ gosiri na arụmọrụ nke chitosan flocculation nke E. coli na-adabere ọ bụghị naanị na ụgwọ ọrụ nke dielectric kamakwa na akụkụ hydraulic ya.

(3) Wepu ihe fọdụrụ na aluminom ma mee ka mmiri ọṅụṅụ dị ọcha.A na-eji salts aluminom na polyaluminum flocculants eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na usoro ọgwụgwọ mmiri mgbata, mana iji nnu nnu aluminom nwere ike ime ka ọdịnaya aluminom na-abawanye na mmiri ọṅụṅụ.Aluminom fọdụrụnụ na mmiri ọñụnụ bụ nnukwu ihe egwu nye ahụike mmadụ.Ọ bụ ezie na chitosan nwekwara nsogbu nke mmiri fọdụrụnụ, n'ihi na ọ bụ ihe okike na-adịghị egbu egbu alkaline aminopolysaccharide, ihe fọdụrụ agaghị emerụ ahụ mmadụ, enwere ike wepụ ya na usoro ọgwụgwọ na-esote.Na mgbakwunye, ijikọ chitosan na inorganic flocculants dị ka polyaluminum chloride nwere ike ibelata ọdịnaya nke aluminom fọdụrụnụ.Ya mere, na ọgwụgwọ mmiri ọ drinkingụ drinkingụ, chitosan nwere uru nke ndị ọzọ na-emepụta ihe ndị ọzọ na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-enweghị ike dochie ya.

Ngwa nke Chitosan na ọgwụgwọ mmiri mkpofu

(1) Wepu ion ígwè.The molekụla yinye nkechitosanna usoro ya nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke amino otu na hydroxyl otu, ya mere, ọ na-enwe mmetụta chelating na ọtụtụ metal ion, na nwere ike n'ụzọ dị irè adsorb ma ọ bụ jide arọ metal ion na ngwọta.Catherine A. Eiden na ọmụmụ ihe ndị ọzọ egosila na ikike mgbasa ozi nke chitosan na Pb2 + na Cr3+ (na unit nke chitosan) ruru 0.2 mmol / g na 0.25 mmol / g, n'otu n'otu, ma nwee ikike mgbasa ozi siri ike.Zhang Ting'an et al.jiri deacetylated chitosan wepụ ọla kọpa site na flocculation.Nsonaazụ gosiri na mgbe pH uru bụ 8.0 na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ions ọla kọpa n'ime ihe nlele mmiri dị ala karịa 100 mg / L, ọnụego mwepụ ọla kọpa karịrị 99%;Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu bụ 400mg/L, yana oke ion ọla kọpa na mmiri fọdụrụnụ ka na-emezu ụkpụrụ mwepu mmiri mkpofu nke mba.Nnwale ọzọ gosipụtara na mgbe pH = 5.0 na oge mgbasa ozi bụ 2h, mwepu nke chitosan na Ni2+ na adsorption chemical nickel plating waste liquid nwere ike iru 72.25%.

(2) Na-emeso mmiri na-ekpofu mmiri nwere nnukwu protein dị ka mmiri mkpofu nri.N'oge a na-edozi nri, a na-ewepụ mmiri mkpofu nwere nnukwu ihe nkwụsịtụ.Ngwakọta chitosan nwere otu amide, otu amino na otu hydroxyl.Site na protonation nke amino group, ọ na-egosi ọrụ nke cationic polyelectrolyte, nke na-abụghị nanị na-enwe mmetụta chelating na arọ ọla, ma nwekwara ike n'ụzọ dị irè flocculate na adsorb ọjọọ ebubo ezi ahụ na mmiri.Chitin na chitosan nwere ike ịmepụta ogige site na hydrogen bonding na protein, amino acids, fatty acids, wdg Fang Zhimin et al.ejichitosan, aluminum sulfate, ferric sulfate na polypropylene phthalamide dị ka flocculants iji nwetaghachi protein site na mmiri na-edozi nri mmiri.Enwere ike nweta ọnụego mgbake protein dị elu na nnyefe ọkụ na-asọpụta.N'ihi na chitosan n'onwe ya abụghị ihe na-egbu egbu ma ọ nweghị mmetọ nke abụọ, enwere ike iji ya meegharị ihe bara uru dị ka protein na starch na mmiri nsị sitere na ụlọ ọrụ nhazi nri maka nhazi na ijikwa ọzọ, dị ka ịgbakwunye nri dị ka nri anụ ọhịa.

(3) Ọgwụgwọ nke ibipụta na ịcha mmiri mmiri.Mbipụta na ịgbanye mmiri na-adịghị na-ezo aka na mmiri mkpofu na-esi na owu, ajị anụ, eriri kemịkal na ngwaahịa akwa ndị ọzọ na-aga n'ihu na nhazi, ịcha, ibipụta na imecha.Ọ na-enwekarị nnu, organic surfactants na dees, wdg, nwere ihe mgbagwoju anya, nnukwu chroma na nnukwu COD., ma na-etolite n'ụzọ nke mgbochi-oxidation na anti-biodegradation, nke na-emerụ ahụ ike mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi.Chitosan nwere otu amino dị iche iche na otu hydroxyl, ma nwee mmetụta mgbasa ozi siri ike na agba agba, gụnyere: mgbasa ozi anụ ahụ, mgbasa ozi kemịkalụ na mgbasa ozi mgbanwe ion, tumadi site na njikọta hydrogen, mmachi electrostatic, mgbanwe ion, van der Waals force, hydrophobic mmekọrịta, wdg. mmetụta.N'otu oge ahụ, usoro ihe omimi nke chitosan nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke amino acid bụ isi, bụ ndị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta polymer chelating magburu onwe ya site na njikọ nhazi, nke nwere ike ịgbaji agba agba na mmiri na-adịghị egbu egbu, ọ dịghịkwa emepụta mmetọ nke abụọ.

(4) Ngwa na sludge dewatering.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọnụ ọgụgụ ka ukwuu nke ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka nsị mmiri n'obodo mepere emepe na-eji cationic polyacrylamide na-agwọ sludge.Omume egosila na onye ọrụ a nwere mmetụta flocculation dị mma ma dị mfe ịsacha sludge mmiri, mana ihe fọdụrụ ya, karịsịa acrylamide monomer, bụ carcinogen siri ike.Ya mere, ọ bụ ọrụ bara ezigbo uru ịchọ nnọchi ya.Chitosan bụ ezigbo ntụ oyi sludge, nke na-enyere aka ịmepụta sludge bacteria micelles na-arụ ọrụ, nke nwere ike imebi ihe na-adịghị mma na ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ na ngwọta, ma melite arụmọrụ nke usoro sludge na-arụ ọrụ.Nnyocha egosiwo na polyaluminum chloride / chitosan composite flocculant ọ bụghị nanị na ọ nwere mmetụta doro anya na nhazi sludge, ma e jiri ya tụnyere iji otu PAC ma ọ bụ chitosan, nkwụsị nke sludge na-ebu ụzọ rute ebe dị ala, na ọnụego nzacha dị elu.Ọ bụ ngwa ngwa na ọ bụ mma conditioner;na mgbakwunye, a na-eji ụdị carboxymethyl chitosan atọ (N-carboxymethyl chitosan, N, O-carboxymethyl chitosan na O-carboxymethyl chitosan) mee ihe dị ka a nwalere flocculant na arụ ọrụ mmiri nke sludge, wee chọpụta na flocs ndị e guzobere bụ siri ike na ọ dịghị mfe ịgbaji, na-egosi na mmetụta nke flocculant na sludge dewatering dị nnọọ mma karịa nke flocculants nkịtị.

Chitosanna ihe ndị na-emepụta ya nwere ụbara akụ, eke, adịghị egbu egbu, na-emebi emebi, ma nwee ihe dị iche iche n'otu oge.Ha bụ ndị na-ahụ maka ọgwụgwọ mmiri ndụ ndụ.Akụrụngwa ya, chitin, bụ ngwakọta organic nke abụọ kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa.Ya mere, n'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, mmepe nke chitosan na ọgwụgwọ mmiri nwere ọganihu pụtara ìhè.Dị ka polymer eke na-atụgharị ihe mkpofu ka ọ bụrụ akụ, chitosan ka etinyere na mbụ n'ọtụtụ ebe, mana arụmọrụ na ngwa nke ngwaahịa ụlọ ka nwere oghere ụfọdụ ma e jiri ya tụnyere mba ndị ọzọ dị elu.Site n'ịbawanye nyocha nke chitosan na ihe ndị na-emepụta ya, karịsịa chitosan gbanwetụrụ nwere ezigbo nhazi nhazi, ọ na-enwekwu uru ngwa.Ịchọgharị teknụzụ ngwa nke chitosan na ọgwụgwọ mmiri na ịmepụta ngwaahịa enyi na gburugburu ebe obibi nke chitosan sitere na ngwa ngwa ga-enwe uru ahịa sara mbara na atụmanya ngwa.

Quitosano, ndị na-emepụta chitosan, mua chitosan, chitosan soluble, chitosan na-eji, ọnụahịa chitosan, ọrụ ugbo chitosan, ọnụahịa chitosan kwa n'arọ, chitosan chitosan, quitosano comprar Chitosan soluble na mmiri, chitosan na chitosan, chitosan price na pakistan, chitosan antimicrobial, chitosan iche, chitosan ntụ ntụ price, chitosan crosslinking, chitosan solubility na ethanol, chitosan maka ire philippines, chitosan thailand, chitosan eji na price perculture kg ， chitosan uru ， chitosan mgbaze ， chitosan viscosity ， mbadamba chitosan , Chitosan ， ọnụahịa chitosan ， Chitosan ntụ ntụ ， chitosan soluble mmiri ， Chitosan soluble ， chitosan chitosan ngwaahịa dị iche iche na ngwọta nke ga-emezu atụmanya gị.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọ dị mma ịga na webụsaịtị anyị.Ndị ọrụ anyị na-ere ahịa ga-agbalị ike ha niile ịnye gị ọrụ kacha mma.Ọ bụrụ na ị ga-achọkwu ozi, biko egbula oge ime yakpọtụrụ anyịsite na E-mail, faksị ma ọ bụ ekwentị.