1. Gịnị bụ flocculants, coagulants na conditioners?
Enwere ike kewaa ihe ndị a n'ime ụdị ndị a dịka ojiji dị iche iche e ji eme ihe na ọgwụgwọ nzacha sludge:
Flocculant: a na-akpọ ya coagulant mgbe ụfọdụ, enwere ike iji ya dị ka ụzọ isi mee ka nkewa siri ike na mmiri mmiri sie ike, nke a na-eji na tankị sedimentation mbụ, tankị sedimentation nke abụọ, tankị flotation na ọgwụgwọ nke atọ ma ọ bụ usoro ọgwụgwọ dị elu.
Enyemaka maka njikọta: Ndị na-enyere aka na-arụ ọrụ iji mee ka mmetụta njikọta ahụ dịkwuo mma.
Igwe oyi: A makwaara ya dị ka ihe na-eme ka mmiri ghara ịdị ọcha, a na-ejikwa ya eme ka mmiri ghara ịdị ọcha tupu e wepụ ya, ụdị ya gụnyere ụfọdụ flocculants na coagulants ndị a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu.
2. Flocculant
Flocculants bụ otu ụdị ihe ndị nwere ike ibelata ma ọ bụ wepụ nkwụsi ike mmiri ozuzo na nkwụsi ike polymerization nke ihe ndị a gbasasịrị n'ime mmiri, ma mee ka ihe ndị a gbasasịrị agbakọta ma na-agbakọta n'ime mkpokọta maka iwepụ.
Dịka ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ si dị, enwere ike kewaa flocculants n'ime inorganic flocculants na organic flocculants.
Ndị na-emepụta ihe na-adịghị n'ime mmiri
Nnu ndị na-adịghị n'ime ihe ndị a na-akpọ "inorganic flocculants" bụ nnu aluminom dị obere na nnu ígwè. Nnu aluminom gụnyerekarị sulfate aluminum (AL2(SO4)3∙18H2O), alum (AL2(SO4)3∙K2SO4∙24H2O), sodium aluminate (NaALO3), nnu ígwè gụnyerekarị ferric chloride (FeCL3∙6H20), ferrous sulfate (FeSO4∙6H20) na ferric sulfate (Fe2(SO4)3∙2H20).
N'ozuzu, flocculants inorganic nwere njirimara nke nnweta ngwa ngwa nke ihe ndị dị mkpa, nkwadebe dị mfe, ọnụ ala dị ala, na mmetụta ọgwụgwọ dị mma, yabụ a na-ejikarị ha eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na ọgwụgwọ mmiri.
Inorganic polymer flocculant
A ga-ejikọta polima ndị dabere na hydroxyl na oxygen nke Al(III) na Fe(III) n'ime mkpokọta, nke a ga-edebe n'ime mmiri mmiri n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, nha nke ihe ha ga-adịkwa na nanometer. Nsonaazụ nke oke dose.
N'ịtụnyere mmeghachi omume ha na ọnụego polymerization ha, mmeghachi omume nke polymer aluminom dị nro ma ọdịdị ya kwụsiri ike karị, ebe polymer hydrolyzed nke ígwè ahụ na-emeghachi omume ngwa ngwa ma na-efunahụ nkwụsi ike na mbuli elu ngwa ngwa.
Uru nke inorganic polymer flocculants na-apụta ìhè n'ihi na ọ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma karịa flocculants ọdịnala dịka aluminum sulfate na ferric chloride, ọ dịkwa ọnụ ala karịa organic polymer flocculants. Ugbu a, ejirila Polyaluminum chloride nke ọma n'ọtụtụ usoro ọgwụgwọ nke inye mmiri, mmiri mkpofu ụlọ ọrụ na nsị mmiri obodo, gụnyere ọgwụgwọ tupu oge eruo, ọgwụgwọ etiti na ọgwụgwọ dị elu, ma jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ ghọọ flocculant a na-ahụkarị. Agbanyeghị, n'ihe gbasara ọdịdị, ogo polymerization na mmetụta coagulation-flocculation kwekọrọ, inorganic polymer flocculants ka nọ n'ọnọdụ dị n'etiti flocculants nnu ọla ọdịnala na flocculants polymer organic.
Polyaluminum chloride, pac,msds policloruro de aluminio,cas no 1327 41 9,policloruro de aluminio,pac chemical for water treatment,poly aluminum chloride, nke a na-akpọ PAC, nwere usoro kemịkalụ ALn(OH)mCL3n-m. PAC bụ multivalent electrolyte nke nwere ike ibelata oke colloidal charge nke unyi dị ka ụrọ (ọtụtụ ebubo na-adịghị mma) na mmiri. N'ihi nnukwu oke molekul na ikike adsorption siri ike, flocs ndị e mepụtara buru ibu, arụmọrụ flocculation na sedimentation ka mma karịa flocculants ndị ọzọ.
Poly aluminum chloride nwere nnukwu polymerization, na ngwa ngwa mgbagharị mgbe etinyere ya nwere ike ime ka oge nhazi floc dị mkpụmkpụ nke ukwuu. poly aluminum chloride PAC anaghị emetụta okpomọkụ mmiri nke ukwuu, ọ na-arụkwa ọrụ nke ọma mgbe okpomọkụ mmiri dị ala. Ọ na-ebelata uru pH nke mmiri obere, oke pH dịkwa obosara (enwere ike iji ya na oke pH = 5 ~ 9), yabụ ọ dịghị mkpa ịgbakwunye ihe nnọchi alkaline. Ọnụọgụ PAC dị obere, ọnụọgụ apịtị emepụtara dịkwa obere, ojiji, njikwa na ọrụ dịkwa mfe karị, ọ naghịkwa emebi ngwa na pipelines. Ya mere, PAC nwere ọchịchọ iji nwayọọ nwayọọ dochie aluminum sulfate n'ọhịa ọgwụgwọ mmiri, ihe ọghọm ya bụ na ọnụ ahịa ya dị elu karịa nke flocculants ọdịnala.
Na mgbakwunye, site n'echiche nke kemistri ngwọta,PAC poly aluminum chloridebụ ngwaahịa etiti nke usoro mmeghachi omume hydrolysis-polymerization-precipitation nke nnu aluminom, nke na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe na thermodynamics. N'ozuzu, a ga-eji ngwaahịa PAC mmiri mmiri mee ihe n'oge dị mkpirikpi (ngwaahịa siri ike nwere arụmọrụ kwụsiri ike). , enwere ike ịchekwa ya ruo ogologo oge). Ịtinye ụfọdụ nnu na-adịghị n'ime ihe ndị dị ndụ (dịka CaCl2, MnCl2, wdg) ma ọ bụ macromolecules (dịka polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide, wdg) nwere ike ime ka PAC dịkwuo mma, ma nwee ike ime ka ikike njikọ dịkwuo elu.
N'ihe gbasara usoro mmepụta, a na-ewebata otu ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ anion dị iche iche (dịka SO42-, PO43-, wdg) na usoro mmepụta nke PAC, enwere ike ịgbanwe nhazi polymer na nkesa morphological ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ site na polymerization, si otú a na-eme ka nkwụsi ike na arụmọrụ nke PAC ka mma; ọ bụrụ na etinyere ihe ndị ọzọ dị ka Fe3+, n'usoro mmepụta nke PAC iji mee ka Al3+ na Fe3+ nwee ike ịnweta ígwè polyaluminum nke a na-akpọ Al3+ na Fe3+ nke a na-akpọ staggered hydrolytically polymerized, nke mejupụtara flocculant.
Ihe na-eme ka ihe na-agbapụta ihe dị ndụ site na organic polymer
Ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe bụ polypropylene na polyethylene, dịka polyacrylamide na polyethyleneimine. Ihe ndị a bụ ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe ndị na-anaghị esi n'ime mmiri, ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe nwere ọtụtụ ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe, ya mere a na-akpọkwa ha polyelectrolytes. Ihe ndị nwere otu ndị na-emepụta ihe ...
Ugbu a, ihe ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ anionic, ha na-arụkwa ọrụ naanị n'inyere aka n'ịkwalite ntụpọ colloidal na-adịghị mma n'ime mmiri. Ọtụtụ mgbe, a pụghị iji ya naanị ya, mana a na-eji ya na nnu aluminom na nnu ígwè. Cationic flocculants nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ nke coagulation na flocculation n'otu oge ma a na-eji ha naanị ha, yabụ ha etoola ngwa ngwa.
Ugbu a, a na-ejikarị polyacrylamide non-ionic polymers eme ihe na mba m, nke a na-ejikarị ya na nnu ígwè na aluminom. A na-eji mmetụta nke nkwụsịtụ eletriki nke nnu ígwè na aluminom na ihe ndị na-akpata colloidal na ọrụ flocculation dị mma nke polymer flocculants iji nweta mmetụta ọgwụgwọ dị mma. Polyacrylamide nwere njirimara nke obere dose, ọsọ coagulation ngwa ngwa, na nnukwu flocs siri ike a na-eji. 80% nke flocculants organic organic nke a na-emepụta ugbu a na mba m bụ ngwaahịa a.
Polyacrylamide PAM, ojiji polyelectrolyte, polyelectrolyte cationic powder, cationic polyelectrolyte, cationic polymer, cationic polyacrylamide bụ ihe a na-ejikarị emepụta polima organic sịntetik, polyelectrolyte, a na-ejikwa ya mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka coagulant. Ihe e ji emepụta polyacrylamide bụ polyacrylonitrile CH2=CHCN. N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, a na-eme ka acrylonitrile ghọọ acrylamide, a na-emekwa ka acrylamide nwee polymerization iji nweta polyacrylamide. Polyacrylamide bụ resin mmiri na-agbaze agbaze, ngwaahịa ndị a bụkwa ihe siri ike ma dị nro nke nwere oke njupụta.
Ụdị polyacrylamide dị adị n'ime mmiri bụ eriri na-enweghị usoro. Ebe ọ bụ na eriri na-enweghị usoro nwere nha mkpụrụ na ụfọdụ otu amide n'elu ya, ọ nwere ike igwu egwu nke nwere ikike njikọ na nnabata kwekọrọ, ya bụ, o nwere nha mkpụrụ. ikike flocculation ụfọdụ.
Agbanyeghị, n'ihi na a na-agbakọta ogologo agbụ polyacrylamide ka ọ bụrụ eriri, oke njikọ ya dị obere. Mgbe ejikọtara otu amide abụọ ahụ, ọ bụ ya na mwepu nke mmekọrịta ahụ na mfu nke ebe abụọ na-abanye. Na mgbakwunye, ụfọdụ otu amide ahụ na-ekpuchi n'ime usoro eriri. Ime ya enweghị ike ịkpọtụrụ ma tinye ihe ndị na-adịghị ọcha n'ime mmiri, yabụ enweghị ike itinye ikike ịbanye ya nke ọma.
Iji kewaa otu amide ejikọtara ọnụ ọzọ ma kpughee otu amide zoro ezo n'èzí, ndị mmadụ na-agbalị ịgbatị eriri enweghị usoro nke ọma, ọbụnakwa na-agbalị ịgbakwunye ụfọdụ otu nwere cations ma ọ bụ anions na ogologo molekul yinye, ebe ha na-eme ka ikike adsorption na njikọ dịkwuo mma na mmetụta nke neutralization eletrik na mkpakọ nke oyi akwa abụọ eletrik. N'ụzọ dị otu a, a na-enweta usoro polyacrylamide flocculants ma ọ bụ coagulants nwere ihe onwunwe dị iche iche dabere na PAM.
N'ọgwụgwọ coagulation nke mmiri mkpofu, mgbe ụfọdụ, otu flocculant enweghị ike inweta ezigbo mmetụta coagulation, ọ na-adịkwa mkpa itinye ụfọdụ ihe enyemaka iji melite mmetụta coagulation. A na-akpọ ihe enyemaka coagulation a enyemaka. Coagulants ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ chlorine, lime, activated silicic acid, bone glue na sodium alginate, activated carbon na ụrọ dị iche iche.
Ụfọdụ coagulants n'onwe ha anaghị arụ ọrụ na coagulants, mana site n'ịhazi na imeziwanye ọnọdụ coagulants, ha na-arụ ọrụ nke inyere flocculants aka ịmepụta mmetụta coagulants. Ụfọdụ coagulants na-esonye na nhazi nke flocs, na-emeziwanye nhazi nke flocs, ma nwee ike ime ka flocs ndị dị nro na ndị na-adịghị mma nke flocculants na-emepụta bụrụ flocs siri ike ma sie ike.
4. Ihe na-eme ka ihe dị jụụ
Enwere ike kewaa ihe mkpuchi oyi, nke a makwaara dị ka ihe na-eme ka mmiri ghara ịdị, ụzọ abụọ: ihe mkpuchi oyi na-adịghị mma na ihe mkpuchi oyi na-adịghị mma. Ihe mkpuchi oyi na-adịghị mma na-adabara maka nzacha ikuku na nzacha efere na frame nke sludge, ebe ihe mkpuchi oyi na-adịghị mma dabara adaba maka iwepụ mmiri na centrifugal na iwepụ mmiri na nzacha eriri nke sludge.
5. mmekọrịta dị n'etitiihe na-eme ka akpụkpọ ahụ dị nro, ihe na-eme ka coagulants, na ihe na-eme ka ọ dị jụụ
Ihe na-eme ka mmiri ghara ịdị ọcha bụ ihe a na-etinye tupu mmiri agwụ, ya bụ, ihe na-eme ka mmiri ghara ịdị ọcha, yabụ ihe ihe na-eme ka mmiri ghara ịdị ọcha pụtara na ihe na-eme ka mmiri ghara ịdị ọcha bụ otu ihe ahụ. A na-agbakọkarị dose nke ihe na-eme ka mmiri ghara ịdị ọcha ma ọ bụ ihe na-eme ka mmiri ghara ịdị ọcha dị ka pasentị nke ibu nke ihe siri ike kpọrọ nkụ nke ihe na-eme ka mmiri ghara ịdị ọcha.
A na-eji Flocculants ewepụ ihe siri ike a kpọchiri akpọchi n'ime mmiri nsị, ha bụkwa ihe dị mkpa n'ihe gbasara ọgwụgwọ mmiri. A na-egosipụtakarị dose nke flocculant site na ego etinyere na olu otu mmiri a ga-agwọ.
A pụrụ ịkpọ usoro ọgwụ nke ihe na-eme ka mmiri ghara ịgwụ (ihe na-eme ka mmiri ghara ịgwụ), ihe na-eme ka mmiri ghara ịgwụ, na ihe na-enyere aka n'ịkpụkọ ọbara. A pụrụ iji otu ọgwụ ahụ mee ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka mmiri ghara ịgwụ, a pụkwara iji ya mee ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka mmiri ghara ịgwụ ma ọ bụ ihe na-eme ka mmiri ghara ịgwụ n'ọgwụgwọ nke ihe ndị na-eme ka mmiri ghara ịgwụ.
A na-akpọ coagulants coagulants coagulants mgbe e ji ha mee ihe dị ka flocculants n'ihe gbasara ọgwụgwọ mmiri. A naghị akpọ coagulants otu ndị ahụ coagulants n'ọgwụgwọ sludge gabigara ókè, kama a na-akpọ ha ndị na-eme ka mmiri ghara ịdị ọcha ma ọ bụ ihe na-eme ka mmiri ghara ịdị ọcha.
Mgbe a na-ejiihe na-agbagharị agbagharị, ebe ọ bụ na ọnụọgụ ihe siri ike a kwụnyere n'ime mmiri pere mpe, iji nweta njikọ zuru oke n'etiti ihe na-agbapụta mmiri na ihe ndị a kwụnyere mmiri, a ga-etinye ihe ndị na-agwakọta mmiri na ihe ndị na-eme ka mmiri dị n'ime mmiri ahụ ruo oge zuru oke. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ngwakọta na-ewe sekọnd iri ruo nkeji ole na ole. Mmeghachi omume ahụ chọrọ nkeji iri na ise ruo iri atọ. Mgbe a gbanyụrụ mmiri mmiri, ọ na-ewekarị naanị sekọnd ole na ole site na mgbe etinyere ihe na-eme ka mmiri dị n'ime mmiri na-abanye n'ime igwe na-agbapụta mmiri, ya bụ, naanị usoro ngwakọta nke kwekọrọ na ihe na-agbapụta mmiri, enweghịkwa oge mmeghachi omume, ahụmịhe egosikwala na mmetụta nhazi ahụ ga-abawanye ka ọnụnọ ahụ na-ebelata ka oge na-aga.
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Oge ozi: Julaị-09-2022