1. Gịnị bụ flocculants, coagulant na conditioners?
Enwere ike kewaa ndị ọrụ ndị a n'ime edemede ndị a dịka ojiji dị iche iche na ọgwụgwọ sludge press filtration:
Flocculant: mgbe ụfọdụ a na-akpọ coagulant, enwere ike iji ya dị ka ụzọ isi mee ka ikewa mmiri siri ike sie ike, nke a na-eji na tankị sedimentation nke mbụ, tankị sedimentation nke abụọ, tank flotation na ọgwụgwọ atọ ma ọ bụ usoro ọgwụgwọ dị elu.
Enyemaka coagulation: Auxiliary flocculants na-arụ ọrụ iji kwalite mmetụta coagulation.
Conditioner: A makwaara ya dị ka onye na-agba mmiri, a na-eji ya eme ihe maka ịkwanye sludge nke fọdụrụ tupu mmiri agwụ, na ụdị ya gụnyere ụfọdụ flocculants ndị a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu na coagulant.
2. Flocculant
Flocculants bụ otu klas nke ihe nwere ike ibelata ma ọ bụ kpochapụ nkwụsi ike nke mmiri ozuzo na nkwụsi ike nke polymerization nke ihe ndị gbasasịrị n'ime mmiri, na-eme ka ihe ndị a chụsasịrị agbasasị na-agbakọta ma na-atụgharị n'ime nchịkọta maka iwepụ.
Dị ka ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ si kwuo, e nwere ike kewaa flocculants n'ime flocculants inorganic na flocculants organic.
Inorganic flocculants
Omenala inorganic flocculants bụ nnu aluminom dị ala na nnu ígwè.Aluminom salts tumadi gụnyere aluminum sulfate (AL2 (SO4) 3∙18H2O), alum (AL2 (SO4) 3∙K2SO4∙24H2O), sodium aluminate (NaALO3), ígwè salts tumadi gụnyere ferric chloride (FeCL3∙6H20), ferrous sulfate (ferrous sulfate). FeSO4∙6H20) na ferric sulfate (Fe2 (SO4) 3∙2H20).
N'ikwu okwu n'ozuzu, flocculants inorganic nwere njirimara nke ịdị mfe nke ngwa ngwa, nkwadebe dị mfe, ọnụ ala dị ala, na mmetụta ọgwụgwọ na-agafeghị oke, ya mere a na-eji ha eme ihe na ọgwụgwọ mmiri.
Inorganic polymer flocculant
A ga-ejikọta hydroxyl na polymers nke dabeere na oxygen nke Al (III) na Fe (III) n'ime nchịkọta, nke a ga-edobe na ngwọta mmiri n'okpuru ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, na nha nha ha ga-adị na nanometer nso.Nsonaazụ nke oke onunu ogwu.
N'ịtụle mmeghachi omume ha na ọnụego polymerization, mmeghachi omume nke aluminom polymer dị nro na ọdịdị ahụ na-adịgide adịgide, ebe polymer hydrolyzed nke ígwè na-eme ngwa ngwa na ngwa ngwa na-efunahụ nkwụsi ike ma na-ebuli elu.
A na-egosipụta uru nke inorganic polymer flocculants na ọ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma karịa flocculants omenala dị ka aluminum sulfate na ferric chloride, ma dị ọnụ ala karịa organic polymer flocculants.Ugbu a Polyaluminum chloride ejirila nke ọma mee ihe na usoro ọgwụgwọ dị iche iche nke inye mmiri, mmiri mkpofu ụlọ ọrụ na nsị obodo, gụnyere pretreatment, ọgwụgwọ etiti na ọgwụgwọ dị elu, ma jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ ghọọ flocculant.Otú ọ dị, na usoro nke morphology, ogo nke polymerization na kwekọrọ ekwekọ coagulation-flocculation mmetụta, inorganic polymer flocculants ka nọ n'ọnọdụ n'etiti omenala metal flocculants nnu na organic polymer flocculants.
Polyaluminum chloride, pac, msds policloruro de aluminio,cas no 1327 41 9,policloruro de aluminio,pac chemical maka mmiri ọgwụgwọ,poly aluminum chloride, zoro aka dị ka PAC, nwere chemical usoro ALn (OH) mCL3n-m.PAC bụ multivalent electrolyte nke nwere ike ibelata ụgwọ ọrụ colloidal nke adịghị ọcha dị ka ụrọ (ọtụtụ ebubo na-adịghị mma) na mmiri.N'ihi nnukwu mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na ikike mgbasa ozi siri ike, flocs ndị a na-emepụta na-ebuwanye ibu, na arụ ọrụ flocculation na sedimentation dị mma karịa flocculants ndị ọzọ.
poly aluminum chloride nwere ogo dị elu nke polymerization, na ịkpali ngwa ngwa mgbe agbakwunyere nwere ike belata oge nhazi floc nke ukwuu.poly aluminum chloride PAC okpomọkụ mmiri adịghị emetụta ya, ọ na-arụkwa ọrụ nke ọma mgbe mmiri dị ntakịrị.Ọ na-ebelata uru pH nke mmiri dị ntakịrị, na pH dị na ya dị obosara (nwere ike iji ya na pH = 5 ~ 9), n'ihi ya, ọ dịghị mkpa ịgbakwunye onye na-ahụ maka alkaline.Usoro onunu ogwu nke PAC dị ntakịrị, ọnụ ọgụgụ apịtị a na-emepụta dịkwa ntakịrị, na ojiji, njikwa na ọrụ na-adaba adaba, ọ dịkwa obere na-emebi ngwa ngwa na pipeline.Ya mere, PAC nwere ọchịchọ nke iji nwayọọ nwayọọ dochie aluminum sulfate n'ọhịa nke ọgwụgwọ mmiri, na mwepu ya bụ na ọnụ ahịa dị elu karịa nke omenala flocculants.
Na mgbakwunye, site n'echiche nke kemịkalụ ngwọta,PAC poly aluminum chloridebụ ngwaahịa etiti nke kinetic nke usoro mmeghachi omume hydrolysis-polymerization-mmiri nke nnu aluminom, nke na-adịghị eguzosi ike n'ihe.Na mkpokọta, ekwesịrị iji ngwaahịa PAC mmiri mmiri na obere oge (ngwaahịa siri ike nwere arụmọrụ kwụsiri ike)., enwere ike ịchekwa ya ogologo oge).Ịtinye ụfọdụ nnu inorganic (dị ka CaCl2, MnCl2, wdg) ma ọ bụ macromolecules (dị ka mmanya polyvinyl, polyacrylamide, wdg) nwere ike ime ka nkwụsi ike nke PAC dịkwuo elu, ma nwee ike ịbawanye ikike nke ịdị n'otu.
N'ihe banyere usoro mmepụta ihe, otu ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ anions dị iche iche (dị ka SO42-, PO43-, wdg) na-ewebata na usoro mmepụta nke PAC, na polymer Ọdịdị na morphological nkesa nwere ike gbanwee ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ site na polymerization, si otú ahụ. imeziwanye nkwụsi ike na arụmọrụ nke PAC;Ọ bụrụ na ewebata ihe ndị ọzọ cationic, dị ka Fe3 +, na usoro nrụpụta nke PAC iji mee Al3 + na Fe3 + staggered hydrolytically polymerized, enwere ike nweta iron flocculant polyaluminom mejupụtara.
Organic polymer flocculant
Sịntetik organic polymer flocculants na-abụkarị polypropylene na polyethylene bekee, dị ka polyacrylamide na polyethyleneimine.Ndị a flocculants bụ niile mmiri-soluble linear macromolecule, nke ọ bụla macromolecule mejupụtara ọtụtụ ugboro ugboro nkeji nwere ebubo otu, ya mere a na-akpọ ha polyelectrolytes.Ndị nwere otu ebubo dị mma bụ cationic polyelectrolytes, na ndị nwere otu ebubo na-ezighị ezi bụ polyelectrolytes anionic, nke na-enweghị ihe dị mma ma ọ bụ ebubo na-ezighị ezi, a na-akpọkwa ya nonionic polyelectrolytes.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, polymer flocculant ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ anionic, na ha nwere ike na-ekere òkè naanị n'ịkwado coagulation nke adịghị ọcha colloidal na mmiri.Ọtụtụ mgbe, enweghị ike iji ya naanị ya, mana ejiri ya na nnu aluminom na nnu ígwè.Cationic flocculants nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ nke coagulation na flocculation n'otu oge ma na-eji naanị ya, ya mere, ha na-etolite ngwa ngwa.
Ugbu a, a na-eji polyacrylamide na-abụghị ionic polymers eme ihe ugboro ugboro na mba m, nke a na-ejikarị na-ejikọta ya na ígwè na aluminum salts.Mmetụta neutralization eletriki nke ígwè na aluminum salts na colloidal particles na ọmarịcha ọrụ flocculation nke polymer flocculants na-eji nweta mmetụta ọgwụgwọ na-eju afọ.Polyacrylamide nwere njirimara nke obere usoro onunu ogwu, ọsọ coagulation ọsọ ọsọ, yana nnukwu flocs siri ike na-eji.80% nke sịntetik organic polymer flocculants emepụtara ugbu a na obodo m bụ ngwaahịa a.
Polyacrylamide PAM, polyelectrolyte eji, polyelectrolyte cationic ntụ ntụ, cationic polyelectrolyte, cationic polymer, cationic polyacrylamide bụ ihe a na-ejikarị sịntetik organic polymer flocculant, polyelectrolyte, na mgbe ụfọdụ a na-eji dị ka coagulant.Ihe nrụpụta akụrụngwa nke polyacrylamide bụ polyacrylonitrile CH2 = CHCN.N'okpuru ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, a na-eme ka acrylonitrile hydrolyzed ka ọ bụrụ acrylamide, a na-etinyekwa acrylamide nkwusioru polymerization iji nweta polyacrylamide.Polyacrylamide bụ resin na-agbaze mmiri, na ngwaahịa ndị a bụ granular siri ike na viscous aqueous ngwọta nwere ụfọdụ itinye uche.
Ụdị polyacrylamide dị adị na mmiri bụ eriri igwe na-enweghị usoro.N'ihi na eriri igwe na-enweghị usoro nwere ụfọdụ urughuru na ụfọdụ amide dị n'elu ya, ọ nwere ike ịme njikọ kwekọrọ na ikike mgbasa ozi, ya bụ, ọ nwere ụfọdụ nha.ụfọdụ ike flocculation.
Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na ogologo yinye nke polyacrylamide na-akpụkọba n'ime eriri igwe, njedebe ya dị ntakịrị.Mgbe ejikọtara otu amide abụọ ahụ, ọ dabara na kagbuo mmekọrịta ahụ na mfu nke saịtị mgbasa ozi abụọ.Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, a na-ekekọta ụfọdụ amide n'ime usoro mkpuchi mkpuchi nke dị n'ime ya enweghị ike ịkpọtụrụ ma gbasaa ihe ndị na-adịghị ọcha na mmiri, n'ihi ya enweghị ike ịrụ ọrụ mgbasa ozi ya kpamkpam.
Iji kewaa njikọ amide dị iche iche ọzọ ma kpughee otu amide zoro ezo n'èzí, ndị mmadụ na-agbalị ịgbatị eriri igwe na-adịghị ahụkebe n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị, na ọbụna na-agbalị itinye ụfọdụ otu na cations ma ọ bụ anions na ogologo molecular yinye , na-emeziwanye adsorption na ike chịkọta na mmetụta nke neutralization eletriki na mkpakọ nke eletriki okpukpu abụọ.N'ụzọ dị otú a, usoro nke polyacrylamide flocculants ma ọ bụ coagulant nwere ihe dị iche iche na-enweta na ndabere nke PAM.
Na ọgwụgwọ coagulation nke mmiri mkpofu, mgbe ụfọdụ, otu flocculant enweghị ike nweta mmetụta dị mma nke coagulation, ọ na-adịkarị mkpa ịgbakwunye ụfọdụ ihe enyemaka iji meziwanye mmetụta coagulation.A na-akpọ onye enyemaka a ihe enyemaka coagulation.Ihe nchikota nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ chlorine, lime, silicic acid na-arụ ọrụ, gluu ọkpụkpụ na sodium alginate, carbon na-arụ ọrụ na ụrọ dị iche iche.
Ụfọdụ coagulant n'onwe ha adịghị ekere òkè na coagulation, ma site n'ịgbanwe na imeziwanye ọnọdụ coagulation, ha na-arụ ọrụ nke inyere flocculants aka ịmepụta mmetụta coagulation.Ụfọdụ coagulants na-ekere òkè na nhazi nke flocs, na-eme ka nhazi nke flocs dịkwuo mma, ma nwee ike ime ka flocs dị mma na nke na-adịghị ahụkebe na-emepụta nke flocculants inorganic na-emepụta ka ọ bụrụ nke siri ike na nke siri ike.
4. Conditioner
Enwere ike kewaa ihe mkpuchi, nke a makwaara dị ka ihe na-eme ka mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ, gaa n'ụdị abụọ: ihe na-edozi ahụ na ihe ndị na-edozi ahụ.Inorganic conditioners na-adabara n'ozuzu maka agụụ filtration na efere na frame filtration nke sludge, ebe organic conditioners adabara centrifugal dewatering na belt filter dewatering nke sludge.
5.mmekọrịta dị n'etitiflocculant, coagulant, na conditioners
Ihe na-eme ka mmiri na-ekpochapụ mmiri bụ ihe a na-agbakwunye tupu sludge akpọnwụ, ya bụ, onye na-eme ka mmiri na-edozi ahụ, ya mere ihe onye na-eme ka mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ na ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ otu ihe ahụ pụtara.A na-agbakọ usoro onunu ogwu ma ọ bụ onye na-edozi mmiri dị ka pasent nke ịdị arọ nke sludge akọrọ.
A na-eji flocculants na-ewepụ ihe ndị a kwụsịrị na mmiri nsị na ndị ọrụ dị mkpa na mpaghara ọgwụgwọ mmiri.A na-egosipụtakarị usoro onunu ogwu nke flocculant site na ego agbakwunyere na nkeji nkeji nke mmiri a ga-agwọ.
Enwere ike ịkpọ usoro onunu ogwu nke ihe na-eme ka mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ (onye na-enye ntụ oyi), flocculant, na enyemaka coagulation bụ usoro onunu ogwu.Enwere ike iji otu ihe ahụ mee ihe dị ka flocculant na ọgwụgwọ nke nsị mmiri, a pụkwara iji ya mee ihe dị ka ihe mkpuchi ma ọ bụ ihe na-eme ka mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ na ọgwụgwọ nke oke sludge.
A na-akpọ coagulant mgbe a na-eji ha dị ka flocculants n'ọhịa ọgwụgwọ mmiri.A naghị akpọkarị otu coagulant n'ịgwọ oke sludge, mana a na-akpọkọta ọnụ dị ka conditioners ma ọ bụ ihe na-ekpochapụ mmiri.
Mgbe ị na-eji aflocculant, Ebe ọ bụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe ndị a kwụsịrị na mmiri dị oke, iji nweta kọntaktị zuru oke n'etiti flocculant na ihe ndị a kwụsịrị, ngwakọta na ihe mmeghachi omume kwesịrị ịkwado oge zuru ezu.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ịgwakọta na-ewe ọtụtụ iri sekọnd ruo ọtụtụ nkeji, mmeghachi omume na-achọ 15 ruo 30 nkeji.Mgbe sludge na-agbaze mmiri, ọ na-ewekarị nanị iri ole na ole nke sekọnd site na mgbe a na-agbakwunye conditioner na sludge na-abanye n'ime igwe dewatering, ya bụ, naanị usoro ngwakọta nke kwekọrọ na flocculant, ọ dịghịkwa oge mmeghachi omume, na ahụmahụ nwere. gosikwara na mmetụta ntụ oyi ga-abawanye na ọnụnọ.ebelata ka oge na-aga.
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Oge nzipu: Jul-09-2022